Autism is usually expected to be diagnosed in childhood. However, many people are not diagnosed with autism until later in life, especially as we learn more about characteristics and how they present themselves.
Autism can be characterised by a range of signs and experiences. While not all characteristics may point to an autism diagnosis, there are a range of signs that may align with autistic adults.
By finding out more about how autism can affect adults, you can better understand yourself, or the needs of someone close to you.
Table of contents
- The common signs of autism in adults
- Other signs of autism in adults
- How autism may affect your work life
- Helping autistic adults
- Next steps towards an autism diagnosis
The common signs of autism in adults
Autistic adults experience and interact with the world in unique ways. While everyone is different, there are some common characteristics that many share.
These traits persist throughout life; however, they can vary and change depending on a person's environment and support network. They can vary widely in how they manifest from person to person. Below are some areas where autistic adults might differ from neurotypical individuals:
Social interaction
Many autistic adults can find social interaction challenging. This can include difficulties in building and maintaining friendships, working in teams, or social situations.
Some may experience:
- feeling uncomfortable or unsure in social situations
- difficulty holding or initiating conversations outside their interests
- being misunderstood in conversation or social interactions, which may come across as being uninterested, even when that’s not the case
- challenges in maintaining friendships, which can sometimes lead to feelings of isolation
As autism is a lifelong condition, experiences such as these will exist across the lifespan. Though some adults may develop strategies and techniques to disguise some of these difficulties, which mean they may not appear to be outwardly struggling. However, the cost of using such strategies is often high and can lead to autistic burnout.
Autistic burnout shows itself in intense physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion resulting from ongoing stress and the continuous effort to cope with a world that may not accommodate autistic needs. It manifests as a loss of interests, executive functioning problems, and low mood.
Restrictive and repetitive behaviours and interests
As with children, to meet the criteria for an autism diagnosis, adults must display what is known as restrictive and repetitive behaviours and/or interests. This may include:
- developing passionate, focused interests in specific topics or hobbies
- repetitive behaviours, such as using stereotyped phrases or engaging in repetitive movements (often referred to as stimming)
- preferring predictability, with a preference for familiar routines and an aversion to change
These behaviours and preferences are often key to the well-being and happiness of autistic adults.
Sensory sensitivity
Many autistic adults experience differences in how they process sensory information. This can lead to heightened or reduced sensitivity to touch, light, sound, and other sensory stimuli.
Common experiences include:
- being easily overwhelmed by bright lights, loud noises, or strong smells
- feeling uncomfortable in certain fabrics or environments due to heightened tactile sensitivity
- becoming preoccupied with sensory experiences that others might not notice. This can lead to behaviours like daydreaming or avoiding certain places.
These sensory sensitivities are an integral part of being autistic and can significantly impact daily life.
Read our full resource on the signs of autism.
Other signs of autism in adults
Autistic adults may also experience a range of other characteristics that shape how they interact with the world. These signs vary widely from person to person.
Eye contact
Many autistic adults are more comfortable avoiding eye contact during conversations. This isn’t a sign of disinterest or avoidance. It is a preference that helps manage sensory input and maintain focus during interactions.
Personal space and touch
Some autistic people might feel uncomfortable when others are in their personal space. Furthermore, they may not always realise when they are standing too close to someone else.
Navigating social “rules”
Some autistic adults might find it challenging to pick up on unwritten social “rules”. This may include understanding the nuances between how you might speak to a friend verses a work colleague.
Preference for planning
Autistic adults might prefer to plan things rigorously before doing them. Planning helps create predictability and reduces anxiety in an often-unpredictable world.
Heightened awareness of details
Autistic adults typically notice small details, patterns, smells, or sounds that others might overlook.
How autism may affect your work life
Autism can influence how a person experiences their work environment. For many autistic adults, work provides an opportunity to apply their unique strengths and perspectives.
However, the workplace can also present challenges. This may be in areas like communication, social interactions, and sensory processing.
Strengths in the workplace
Autistic adults often bring valuable skills to their work, such as:
- Attention to detail: Many autistic people have a remarkable ability to notice small details and patterns that others might miss. This can be a great asset in roles that require precision and focus.
- Deep focus: When engaged in a task that aligns with their interests, autistic adults can demonstrate a deep level of concentration and dedication, often excelling in their chosen fields.
- Problem-solving: The ability to think differently and approach problems from unique angles can lead to innovative solutions that benefit the whole team.
Challenges in the workplace
While autistic adults have many strengths, they may also encounter challenges at work, such as:
- Social interactions: Navigating workplace dynamics can be a challenge. This can include small talk or group meetings. Autistic people may prefer direct communication. They can find it challenging to interpret non-verbal cues or manage social expectations.
- Sensory sensitivities: The typical office environment can be overwhelming due to bright lights, loud noises, or crowded spaces. These sensory challenges might lead to discomfort or stress.
- Adapting to change: Sudden changes in routines, expectations, or job roles can be particularly challenging. Autistic adults may need extra time to adjust and feel comfortable with new tasks or environments.
How can employers best support autistic employees?
Employers can play a crucial role in creating an inclusive and supportive work environment by:
- providing clear communication
- allowing for routine and structure
- accommodating sensory needs
- focusing on employee strengths
Helping autistic adults
Autism in adults is something that should be understood and supported in ways that enhance quality of life and well-being. Treatment and support strategies focus on addressing individual needs, helping to manage challenges, and leveraging strengths.
Support and therapy
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) can help autistic adults manage anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges. CBT can provide strategies for dealing with stress, improving social interactions, and general daily life.
Individual or group counselling may also be offered. This can provide a space to explore personal experiences, develop coping strategies, and receive support for emotional well-being.
Other methods
Below are some other methods that are often used to help autistic people feel more comfortable in their day-to-day life:
- Life skills training
- Workplace adjustments
- Educational support
- Sensory management
- Environmental adjustments
- Support groups
- Family and friends' support
Next steps towards an autism diagnosis
Learn about autism and discuss assessment options by taking the first step.
Contact us now at 0203 326 9160.
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